Methodological Proposal for the Adequate Use of the Osteotechnics Technique / Propuesta Metodológica para el uso Adecuado de la Técnica Osteotécnica

SUMMARY: Osteotechnics is one of the different anatomical preservation techniques and can be defined as the technique designed to prepare, clean, obtain and preserve bone structures that can be used in the teaching, museographic or research field. The osteotechnical technique procedure consists of the following phases: debulk and disjoint, maceration, cooking, cleaning, degreasing, bleaching, and labeling to obtain bone material. Seven phases will be explained in detail, as well as the materials, instruments, quantities of the substances used, and the time required to obtain human bone material. We consider that this article can serve as a guide, given that all the experimentation was carried out with human biological material. This methodological proposal could be consolidated and established based on the experience acquired during the creation of the contemporary skeletal collection of the department of innovation in human biological material (DIMBIH). Therefore, the purpose of our proposal is to provide tools that facilitate the work of those who carry out this work and fundamentally to avoid irreversible or irreparable damage to the osteological material, since it is of great value and difficult to acquire for disciplines as anatomy, veterinary, physical and forensic anthropology, medicine, dentistry and biology.

La osteotecnia es una de las técnicas diferentes de conservación anatómica y puede definirse como la técnica destinada a preparar, limpiar, obtener y conservar estructuras óseas que pueden ser utilizadas en el ámbito docente, museográfico o de investigación. El procedimiento de la técnica osteotécnica consta de las siguientes fases: descarnado y desarticulado, maceración, cocción, limpieza, desengrase, blanqueo y marcaje para la obtención de material óseo. Se explicarán en detalle siete fases, así como los materiales, instrumentos, cantidades de las sustancias utilizadas y el tiempo necesario para obtener material óseo humano. Consideramos que este artículo puede servir de guía, dado que toda la experimentación se realizó con material biológico humano. Esta propuesta metodológica pudo consolidarse y establecerse a partir de la experiencia adquirida durante la creación de la colección esquelética contemporánea del Departamento de Innovación en Material Biológico Humano (DIMBIH). Por lo tanto, el propósito de nuestra propuesta es brindar herramientas que faciliten el trabajo de quienes realizan este trabajo y fundamentalmente evitar daños irreversibles o irreparables en el material osteológico, ya que es de gran valor y difícil adquisición para las disciplinas como la anatomía, veterinaria, antropología física y forense, medicina, odontología y biología.

Antropología Física en función de las ciencias médicas: una necesidad de estos tiempos / Physical anthropology for medical sciences: a need in current times

Introducción: El sistema de conocimientos de Antropología Física responde a especialidades médicas como la Anatomía Humana y la Medicina Legal. En Cuba estas especialidades médicas no cuentan con la profundidad y superación profesional adecuada que permita el uso práctico de estos conocimientos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el entrenamiento de posgrado "Osteología y Odontología en función de la identificación humana", realizado en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas entre enero y marzo de 2020. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. La población estuvo compuesta por 25 cursistas, especialistas en Medicina Legal y Anatomía Humana. Se consideraron variables como programa de estudio, categoría docente de los participantes, satisfacción con su desarrollo y resultados de la promoción docente. Para las indagaciones empíricas se aplicó la técnica de PNI como parte de la valoración general del curso. Resultados: El curso se impartió durante 56 horas en 7 semanas. Como parte de sus logros se realizó la clasificación y caracterización antropológica de una parte de la osamenta de la Osteoteca de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, así como la ampliación de esta mediante una sección de Antropología Física que incorporó seis cadáveres completos caracterizados antropológicamente. Conclusiones: Este entrenamiento permitió adiestrar y actualizar a los cursistas sobre la identificación humana, a partir del estudio de los restos óseos referentes a la expresión cualitativa y cuantitativa de los caracteres morfológicos, que responden a las necesidades de la práctica docente en anatomía y la asistencia médico legal(AU)

Introduction: The knowledge system of Physical Anthropology responds to medical specialties such as Human Anatomy and Legal Medicine. In Cuba, these medical specialties do not have adequate depth and professional improvement that allows the practical use of this knowledge. Objective: To characterize the training about osteology and dental medicine in view of human identification, carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas between January and March 2020. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population consisted of 25 trainees, specialists in Legal Medicine and Human Anatomy. Some variables were considered, such as study program, teaching category of the participants, satisfaction with their development and results of teaching promotion. For the empirical inquiries, the positive-negative-interesting technique was applied as part of the general assessment of the course. Results: The course lasted 56 hours distributed in seven weeks. As part of its achievements, the anthropological classification and characterization of a part of the materials from the bone collection of the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas was carried out, as well as its expansion through a physical anthropology section that incorporated six complete corpses anthropologically characterized. Conclusions: This training allowed to train and update the students on human identification, based on the study of bone remains referring to the qualitative and quantitative expression of morphological characters, which respond to the needs of teaching practice in Anatomy, as well as in legal-medical assistance(AU)

Craniometric variation among Brazilian and Scottish populations: a physical anthropology approach

Aim: The present investigation intended to compare the craniometric variations of two samples of different nationalities (Brazilian and Scottish). Materials and methods: The Brazilian sample consisted of 100 modern complete skulls, including 53 female skulls and 47 male skulls, and the Scottish sample consisted of 100 historical skulls (61 males, 39 females) and 36 mandibles (24 males, 12 females). The cranial measurement protocol was composed of 40 measurements, 11 bilateral and 29 unilateral, and the measurement protocol of the mandible was composed of 15 measurements, with six that were bilateral and nine that were unique. The comparative analysis of the metric variability between the two samples was performed using the means and medians analysis, the t-test, the Wilcoxon test, and the coefficient of variance, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that, among the 72 analysed variables, 44 measurements (61.11%) presented statistical differences between the samples. The Scottish skull tends to have a cranial length (GOL diff=5.53), breadth (XCB diff=3.78) and height (NPH diff=5.33) greater than the Brazilian skulls, and the Scottish mandibles tend to show a higher mandibular ramus height (MRH diff=9.25), a higher mandibular body height (HMB diff=6.37) and a larger bigonial breadth (BGB diff=5.29) than the Brazilians. The discriminant analysis of the 51 cranial measurements and 21 mandibular measurements showed a variation of the percentage of accuracy between 46.3-83.8%. Conclusion: The metric analysis demonstrated that there is variability between the two samples studied (61,11%), but a concrete cause cannot be determined considering the multifactorial aspects of the variations of form and size

Paleopathological Studies of Infectious Disease: Examination of the Osteoarchaeological Research / 체질인류학회지

Reconstructing the impact of infectious disease on past populations is one of the main fields in paleopathological studies. The initial phase of paleopathology was descriptive, focusing on the identification and presence of disease in the past. However, currently paleopathological studies are moving toward probing questions about the larger picture of origin and transmission of disease agents. In this study, paleopathological studies of major infectious disease (i.e., tubuerculosis, treponemal disease and leprosy) were reviewed through osteoarcheological work published in American Journal of Physical Anthropology, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Journal of Archaeological Science and International Journal of Paleopathology from 1981 to 2017. A basic objective of this research was to examine many types of research in paleopathology and to characterize research trend in this field. As paleopathological studies becomes more abundant, the approaches to infectious disease have been increasingly specialized and interdisciplinary from 1980. Also, methodology used in paleopathology continues to evolve through the holistic approaches of molecular analysis, radiology and histopathology. Ultimately, this study reinforces the importance for retention of large-scale skeletal collections for paleopathological study in population perspective. In the near future, Korean paleopathology can contribute in the reconstructions of the history of disease and its effect on past human populations.

El verdadero rostro de Eugenio Espejo / The true face of Eugenio Espejo

Se realizó una investigación histórica, con enfoque cualitativo, cuya población de estudio estuvo constituida por los documentos de interés salvaguardados en el Archivo de Indias, así como aquellos de las fuentes periodísticas de época que versaron alrededor de la figura de Eugenio Espejo. El estudio tuvo el propósito de establecer la fidelidad histórica de la iconografía de ese precursor de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana.

A historical research was carried out with a qualitative approach. The study population was cons-tituted by the documents of interest filed in Archivo de Indias, as well as those of the sources from press that revolved around the figure of Eugenio Espejo. The purpose of the study was to establish the historical fidelity of the iconography of that forerunner of Ecuadorian nationality.Keywords: history; famous persons; Anthropology, physical.

Ciência e miscigenação racial no início do século XX: debates e controvérsias de Edgard Roquette-Pinto com a antropologia física norte-americana / Science and miscegenation in the early twentieth century: Edgard Roquette-Pinto’ s debates and controversies with US physical anthropology

Resumo O artigo analisa a participação do antropólogo brasileiro Edgard Roquette-Pinto no debate internacional envolvendo o campo da antropologia física e as discussões sobre miscigenação racial nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Trata especialmente da leitura, das interpretações e das controvérsias que o cientista brasileiro produziu com um grupo de antropólogos e eugenistas norte-americanos, entre eles nomes como Charles Davenport, Madison Grant e Franz Boas. O artigo também problematiza as diferentes formas de leitura e de apropriação intelectual, a circulação internacional de ideias e o modo como as interpretações antropológicas produzidas por Roquette-Pinto ganharam novos sentidos ao romper as fronteiras nacionais.

Abstract The article analyzes Brazilian anthropologist Edgard Roquette-Pinto’s participation in the international debate that involved the field of physical anthropology and discussions on miscegenation in the first decades of the twentieth century. Special focus is on his readings and interpretations of a group of US anthropologists and eugenicists and his controversies with them, including Charles Davenport, Madison Grant, and Franz Boas. The article explores the various ways in which Roquette-Pinto interpreted and incorporated their ideas and how his anthropological interpretations took on new meanings when they moved beyond Brazil’s borders.

La "raza" frente a los requerimientos del lenguaje incluyente en ciencias de la salud / "Race" Versus the Requirements of Inclusive Language in Health Sciences

Introducción: en la literatura científica biomédica es común la mención de la variable sociodemográfica "raza" utilizada para diferenciar el color de la piel. Con relación a las implicaciones racistas en el uso histórico de esta terminología se aprecia un desconocimiento generalizado, tanto entre el ciudadano común, como entre el personal que labora en instituciones cubanas de la salud. Con este término se reconocen también otros errores capaces de convertirla en un lenguaje excluyente en el contexto productivo de las investigaciones publicadas. Objetivo: visibilizar vocablos y expresiones discriminatorias respecto a la "raza", introducidas en la comunicación y difusión científica del personal de la salud, así como su posible repercusión en su condición de lenguaje excluyente. Métodos: se realizó un estudio exploratorio retrospectivo, combinando análisis cualitativos con cuantitativos para describir la incidencia del término "raza" en los textos publicados, tanto en la Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar (RCMM) en los últimos 5 años, como en otros ejemplos de la literatura didáctica, de difusión y de divulgación científica. Resultados: de los 273 artículos revisados de la RCMM, 22 (8,1 por ciento) hacen uso incorrecto del vocablo "raza", con un crecimiento del lenguaje excluyente durante los últimos 5 años estudiados. Conclusiones: los vocablos y expresiones discriminatorias respecto a la "raza", introducidas en la comunicación y difusión científica del personal de la salud y visibilizadas en este trabajo, poseen amplia repercusión o impacto negativo como lenguaje excluyente en las actuales y futuras/os profesionales de las ciencias de la salud, proceso escasamente visibilizadoque es necesario revertir; pues lejos de aportar al conocimiento científico, entorpecen el proceso progresivo de indiferenciación humana(AU)

Introduction: In biomedical scientific literature, the mention of the socio-demographic variable "race" is common for differentiating the color of the skin. With regard to the racist implications in the historical use of this terminology, there is widespread ignorance, both among the ordinary citizen and among the personnel who work in Cuban health institutions. This term also recognizes other errors capable of making it an exclusive language in the productive context of published research. Objective: Visualize discriminatory words and expressions regarding "race", introduced in the communication and scientific diffusion of health personnel, as well as their possible repercussion in their condition of exclusive language. Methods: A retrospective exploratory study was carried out, combining qualitative and quantitative analyzes to describe the incidence of the term "race" in published texts, both in the Cuban Journal of Military Medicine (RCMM) in the last 5 years, and in other examples of the didactic literature, for dissemination and scientific dissemination. Results: 22 (8.1 percent) of the 273 RCMM articles reviewed, made incorrect use of the word "race", with a growth of exclusive language during the last 5 years studied. Conclusions : Discriminatory words and expressions regarding "race", introduced in scientific communication and diffusion of health personnel and visible in this paper, have broad repercussions or negative impact as exclusionary language in current and future professionals of health sciences. This is a scarcely visible process that needs to be reversed; because far from contributing to scientific knowledge, hinder the progressive development of human undifferentiating(AU)

Comments on “Anatomical Achievement and Thought of Leonardo da Vinci” published in Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology (Vol. 29. No. 2: 35-46, 2016) / 체질인류학회지

No abstract available.

Reply: “Anatomical Achievement and Thought of Leonardo da Vinci” published in Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology (Vol. 29. No. 2: 35-46, 2016) / 체질인류학회지

No abstract available.

La morfología dental en contextos clínicos, antropológicos y forenses / Dental morphology in clinical, anthropological and forensic contexts

El propósito de este artículo es hacer una revisión de la literatura sobre los rasgos morfológicos dentales dentro de los contextos odontológico, antropológico y forense. Estos son empleados en la estimación de las relaciones biológicas entre poblaciones y relevantes en los problemas legales. Su naturaleza puede predisponer al desarrollo de procesos patológicos, de ahí la importancia de su conocimiento para el odontólogo general...

The purpose of this article is to review the literature on dental morphological traits within the dentistry, anthropological and forensic contexts. They are employed in the estimation of biological relations between populations and they are relevant to legal problems. Its nature may predispose the development of pathological processes, hence the importance of knowledge for the general dentist...

Relationship between the morphology of the maxillary central incisor and horizontal and vertical measurements of the face.

Purpose: In order to assist in the selection of artificial teeth for complete dentures, this study aimed to assess the relationship between horizontal and vertical measurements of the face and the morphology of the maxillary central incisor. Materials and Methods: This was a study of 50 plaster casts and 100 teleradiographs - 50 in lateral norm and 50 in frontal norm, belonging to 50 individuals, Caucasian, with a naturally optimal occlusion, matching at least four of the six keys of Andrews. Images of the upper central incisors were obtained by scanning the plaster casts (three-dimensional) and subjectively classified by three examiners as oval, triangular or quadrangular. Facial measures (vertical and horizontal) were defined by means of teleradiographs. In order to check inter-examiner agreement on the classification of central incisor, the Kappa test was used. To verify whether data had normal distribution, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used ( P > 0.2) was used. One-way analysis of variance was employed to assess the association between variables (P > 0.05). Results: When vertical measurements were compared with the three incisor shapes, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05): Triangular (0.54), oval (0.63) and quadrangular (0.51). Similarly, no difference (P > 0.05) was found for facial width (139.08, 143.37, 141.65), maxillary width (76.68, 78.99, 76.91) and mandibular width (103.47, 105.50, 103.11). Conclusions: The majority of cases showed that horizontal and vertical measurements of the face cannot be used as a reference for determining the morphology of the maxillary central incisor crown. It is relevant to analyze and compare other morphological structures to improve the oral health-related quality of life for the conventional denture wearer.

El antígeno Diego alcanza los 60 años de edad: su descubrimiento y desarrollo / Diego antigen reach 60 years old: discovery and development

El antigeno Diego fue descubierto en junio de 1953 por el hematólogo estadounidense Philip Levine (1900-1987) en una muestra de sangre enviada desde Venezuela por el pediatra Miguel Raga Mendoza (1917-1986). El propósitus, de nombre Diego, había fallecido a los 3 días de edad por causa de una enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido. Levine bautizó al nuevo antigeno con el nombre de diego y lo clasificó como un factor privado o familiar de baja prevalencia. En 1955, los hematólogos Miguel Layrisse (1919-2002) y Tulio Arents (1918-1990), y el obstetra Rafael Dominguez Sisco (1908-1980) llegaron a la conclusión de que el antígeno Diego tenía una mayor frecuencia que la reportada por Levine y que por tanto constituía un grupo sanguíneo de alta prevalencia en poblaciones indigenas venezolanas. Estos resultados fueron extendidos a otras poblaciones indígenas de América, demostrandose también su existencia en personas de origen asiático (mongoloides) y su ausencia en las razas caucasoide y negroide. El antígeno Diego se transformó así en el primer marcador mongoloide de gran valor antropológico, genético y clínico. En la década de 1990 se demostró que el antígeno Diego estaba asociado con la proteína eritrocitaria denominada banda 3; esta funciona como un intercambiador de aniones (AE-1) que se expresa también en células del túbulo renal. Actualmente, el grupo snguíneo Diego está formado por 22 antígenos o alelos.

On June 1953, the American hematologist Philip Levine (1900-1987) discovered a new erythrocyte antigen in the blood of a sick child collected in Venezuela by the pediatrician Miguel Raga Mendoza (1917-1986). The propositus, named Diego, was affected by a hemolytic disease of the newborn and died 3 days after delivery. Levine named the antigen Diego (Diª) and classified it as a private or familial factor of low prevalence. In 1955, the hematologists Miguel Layrisse (1919-2002) and Tulio Arends (1918-1990), and the obstetrician Rafael Dominguez Sisco (1908-1980) concluded that the Diego antigen had a greater frecuency than that reported by Levine, constituting a blood group of high prevalence in Venezuelan aboriginal populations. Similar results were obtained in other aboriginal populations of the American continent. The Diego antigen was also present in high frequency in people of asiatic origin (mongoloids), and absent in caucasoid and negroid people. Thus, the Diego antigen became the first mongoloid marker of great anthropological, genetic and clinical importance. In 1992, the Diego antigen was found associated with the erythrocyte protein named band 3, later known to function as an anion exchanger (AE-1). Band 3 is also expressed on cells of the renal tubules. Presenthy, the Diego blood group is formed by 22 antigens or allelles.

Biomechanical Properties of Femoral Diaphyseal Cross-sectional Shape from the Eunpyeong Population / 체질인류학회지

Long bone diaphyseal cross-sectional shape as a primary measure of biomechanical loading has attracted much attention in physical anthropology. Especially, lower limb bones have been widely used to reconstruct the mobility pattern of the past population. In this research, the cross-sectional size of the femoral shaft was investigated for the human skeletal remains excavated from the Eunpyeong site, dating the period spanning from the mid-15th to the early 20th centuries. The purpose of this research is to examine and report the biomechanical characteristics of the past populations living during Joseon Dynasty period. The results showed that Eunpyeong population was grouped into the 'platymeric category (i.e., platymeric index below 84.9). Females were more platymeric (i.e., more laterally flattened) than males and the sexual dimorphism was statistically significant. In addition, the samples of Eunpyeong site showed a relatively lower pilasteric index (i.e., more round) compared to the populations reported in other studies. The results of this research provide an insight to shed light on the ecological environments, subsistence strategies, and life styles of the past populations. Yet, for more detailed interpretation, it appears necessary to take into account other types of indicators for biomechanical stresses and accumulate more archaeological evidences.

Mobilidade urbana: um desafio paulistano / Urban mobility: a challenge for the people of São Paulo

Na “leitura” de uma cidade distingo infraestruturas físicas e sistemas de vida,a fim de avaliar se as primeiras dão suporte adequado às segundas. Para a abordagem e compreensão da cidade dou mais importância a aspectos antropológicos do que aos estatísticos. Para avaliar mobilidade urbana há que considerar três fluxos: os imateriais(informações), cargas (bens) e pessoas. Na de pessoas há expectativa de proximidade de embarque, pontualidade e conforto. Transporte público é sistema, do qual participam os diversos modais, inclusive o do pedestre. No futuro haverá mais locação do que propriedade privada do automóvel; e indústria de reciclagem dos elementos de carros usados. Deve o direito à mobilidade ser gratuito para o usuário ou ser por ele pago com subsídio? Políticas públicas deverão ter no urbanismo um processo de melhor gestão urbana, diminuir necessidade de deslocamentos, alterar o uso do carro, monitorar serviços com participação pública, sistematizar modais, garantir pontualidade e conforto do transporte.

When "reading" a city, I distinguish physical infrastructures from life systems in order to assess whether the former provide adequate support for the latter. To approach and understand a city, I attribute greater importance to anthropological than to statistical aspects. In evaluating urban mobility, we must consider three different flows: of intangibles (information), freight (goods) and people. Regarding the flow of people, the expectations are proximity to boarding points, punctuality and comfort. Public transportation is a system comprising various modes, including pedestrians. In the future, there will be more leasing than ownership of automobiles, as well as an industry devoted to recycling used cars parts. Should the right to mobility be free of charge to users or should they be made to pay, albeit with subsidies? Public policies must apply urban planning to improve urban management, reduce the need to commute, change car usage patterns, monitor services with governmental participation, systematize transportation modes, and ensure punctuality and comfort in transportation.

Frecuencia del antígeno Dia en donantes y de anticuerpos anti-Dia en pacientes de Hospitales Públicos y del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social / Frequency of Dia antigen among blood donors and anti-Dia of patients from public hospitals and the Guatemalan Security Social Institute

Introducción: es muy raro encontrar al antígeno Dia en caucásicos, negros, polinesios y esquimales, pero se encuentra presente en alta frecuencia en etnias autóctonas de Latinoamérica y población en Asia. El anticuerpo anti-Dia es clínicamente significativo porque se ha asociado con reacciones hemolíticas pos­transfusionales y la Enfermedad Hemolítica del Recién Nacido. Objetivos: Establecer la importancia de investigar el antígeno Dia en donantes y anticuerpos anti-Dia en pacientes transfundidos en los bancos de sangre de hospitales públicos y hospitales del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social. Metodología: La detección del antígeno Dia se realizó utilizando la prueba de antiglobulina indirecta. A los donantes se dividieron en dos grupos étnicos indígenas y mestizos. Las diferencias en las prevalencias se analizaron me­diante la prueba X2 (chi cuadrado) y valor de p<0,05 para mostrar si hay diferencia significativa. Las muestras para la detección de anticuerpos se realizó en un equipo Wadiana-Grifols utilizando células pantalla Serascan 1, 2, 3 y Serascan Diego. Resultados: Se encontró que el antígeno Dia posee una frecuen­cia de 7.5%. Al ser estratificado la muestra por etnia, la población indígena posee una frecuencia de 12.99% y la población mestiza de 3.90%, encontrándose una di­ferencia significativa (p<0.005). La frecuencia de anticuerpos anti-Dia fue de 3.50%. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de antígeno Dia en la población bajo estudio fue de 7.32%. La frecuencia de Dia en la población indígena fue de 12.99% y en la población mestiza fue de 3.9%, con una diferencia significativa entre po­blaciones (p= 0.03120). La frecuencia de anti-Dia en 227 pacientes politranfundidos fue de 3.5%.

Analyse anthropologique de la gestion de la crise d'adolescence par les familles à Yaoundé

L'adolescence est une période de transition entre l'enfance et l'âge adulte. Elle est caractérisée par un changement physique qui peut provoquer un déséquilibre comportemental, pouvant aller jusqu'à des crises d'hystéries, des dépressions ou des trajectoires de violence. Ce passage peut être une période d'affrontement mais aussi d'identification et d'adhésion. Un adolescent en pleine crise doit se sentir exister, quitte à faire des erreurs. Il a donc besoin de l'aide des adultes, qui eux-mêmes à cheval entre la tradition et la modernité, éprouvent quelquefois des difficultés à apporter une réponse efficace aux besoins des enfants en crise. Aussi l'étude s'est-elle proposé d'interroger les stratégies parentales de gestion de la crise d'adolescence à Yaoundé.MÉTHODES. Nous avons mené une étude transversale analytique d'avril 2011 à Janvier 2012 auprès de 256 parents d'adolescents au quartier "Damase" de Yaoundé. Pour ce faire, à l'aide d'un questionnaire direct, structuré, fermé et administré. Les données ont été traitées à l'aide du logiciel SPSS.16, analysées à l'aide du khi² pour la dépendance entre les variables, et de l'odds ratio pour quantifier le risque de survenue de la crise.RÉSULTATS.Les parents étaient peu outillés pour une prise en charge adéquate de la crise d'adolescence grave. Bien que 83,2% d'entre eux ait entendu parler de la crise d'adolescence, et que 62,1% avait su la définir, seul 13,1% d'entre eux avait entendu parler de la crise d'adolescence pathologique, dont 32,4% de parents d'adolescent en crise pathologique. Les adolescents qui vivaient dans les familles recomposées avait 12 fois plus de chance de développer une crise d'adolescence grave que les autres (OR = 0,08). Le mode de gestion le plus utilisé en cas de crise d'adolescence était le modèle traditionnel à travers le style autocratique (42,4%), bien que les libertés individuelles préconisent l'usage du style démocratique. En l'absence de structures d'aides, 19% des parents avaient opté pour le style désengagé, dont 32,2% de parents d'enfants en crise pathologique.CONCLUSION.L'étude suggère une réponse intégrée et intersectorielle à ce problème de santé publique, qui est ancrée dans une famille camerounaise en transformation. Cette réponse apporterait aux parents une aide structurelle complémentaire pour un accompagnement adéquat de cette phase naturelle du développement de l'enfant, y compris la prise en charge efficace de la crise d'adolescence pathologique

Rasgos morfológicos dentales de pacientes paraguayos que acudieron a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción entre los años 2006 a 2011 / Dental morphological Paraguayan patients who attended the School of Dentistry, National University of Asunción between 2006 to 2011

La antropología se ha encargado de estudiar al hombre desde sus orígenes hasta nuestros días a través de una serie de herramientas entre las cuales se destacan la cultura, el lenguaje, la vida social, elementos que nos hacen selectivamente diferentes al resto de animales del planeta. De ésta surge la Antropología Dental, rama que adquiere carácter propio y estudia al diente primitivo hasta la evolución de dientes modernos. El estudio del sistema dental puede suministrar información muy importante, sirviendo como medio de identificación personal en la práctica forense ya que las piezas dentarias son muy resistentes debido a su alto contenido mineral y a la vez diferente en cada individuo. La morfología de los dientes se encuentra conformada por una serie de características que han sido denominadas rasgos morfológicos dentales, los cuales se constituyen en formas fenotípicas del esmalte expresadas y reguladas por el genoma de un individuo y de una población durante la odontogénesis. Se planteó este estudio observacional descriptivo con componente analítico cuyo objetivo fue describir los rasgos morfológicos dentales de 93 pacientes de nacionalidad paraguaya que acudieron a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción entre los años 2006 a 2011. Se ha observado que el 89% presentó incisivo central superior en Forma de Pala, sólo en el 57% se observó la presencia de Tubérculo de Carabelli y el 59% no presentaba cúspide accesoria en el primer premolar superior permanente. Se ha observado asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el sexo y la forma de Pala del incisivo lateral superior permanente p= 0,04 p<0,05 y la presencia del Agujero Ciego en el incisivo lateral superior permanente p= 0,03 p<0,05

Estudo estimativo do sexo em crânios da região de Guarulhos-SP utilizando antropologia física e DNA / Estimative study of the sex in skulls from the region of Guarulhos-SP using physical antropology and DNA

A investigação do sexo é uma das análises mais importantes na identificação humana. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a determinação do sexo em crânios humanos utilizando três métodos de Antropologica Física, duas quantitativas (Forensic Data Anthropolgy Bank, FDB, 1986 e Oliveira, 1995) e uma qualitativa, (Walker, 2008), e a análise genética pela amelogenina. A amostra foi composta de 66 crânios (34 homens e 32 mulheres) do Centro de Estudo e Pesquisa em Ciências Forenses, Guarulhos, SP. As metodologias foram aplicadas por duas pesquisadoras, que desconheciam o sexo dos crânios. Para o estudo estatístico realizaram-se análise descritiva, média, desvio padrão, análise discriminante linear e logística e regressão logística. A metodologia quantivativa apresentou um acerto de 89,52%. O Método FBD teve uma acurácia de 92,31%, com a elaboração de uma fórmula utilizando as medidas Largura Bizigomática, Altura Nasal, as quais apresentaram o maior dimorfismo entre os sexos, e Altura Básio-bregma e Máximo Comprimento do Crânio. A metodologia de Oliveira et al. (1995) necessitou de ajuste para a população estudada (nova fórmula com acurácia de 76,47% em homens e 78,13% em mulheres). Para o DNA, foi possível determinar o sexo em 86,15% da amostra. Pode-se afirmar que as diferentes metodologias comportaram-se de modo semelhante e com alta acurácia para determinação do sexo. A antropologia física apresenta as vantagens de facilidade de aplicação, reprodutibilidade e baixo custo, porém, necessita de ajustes populacionais. O DNA é mais complexo, necessita de infraestrutura e insumos específicos e pode ter interferência da condição ambiental, fatores que dificultam as análises, entretanto, não precisa ser ajustado á população.

The investigation of the sex is one of the most important analyzes in the human identification. This study aimed to determine the sex in human skulls using three methodologies of Physical Anthropology, two quantitative (Forensic Data Anthropology Bank, FDB, 1986 e Oliveira, 1995) and one qualitative (Walker, 2008) and genetic analysis by amelogenin. The sample was composed by 66 skulls (34 men and 32 women) from the Center for Study and Research in Forensic Science, Guarulhos, SP. The methodologies were applied by two researchers who were unaware of the craniums sexes. For the statistical analysis, there were performed descriptive analysis, average, standard deviation, linear discriminant analysis and logistic and logistic regression. The quantitative methodology presented an accuracy of 89.52%. The FBD method had an accuracy of 92.31%, with the development of a mathematical model using the measures Bizygomatic breadth, Nasal heigh, which showed the biggest dimorphism between the sexes, and Basion-bregma height and Maximum Cranial Length. The Oliveiras et al. (1995) methodology required adjustment for the studied population (new formula with an accuracy of 76.47% in men and 78.13% in women). For the DNA, it was possible to determine the sex in 86.15% of the sample. The different methodologies behaved similarly and with high accuracy in sex determination. Physical anthropology has the advantages of being easy to use, reliability and low cost, but needs population adjustments. The DNA is more complex, requires specific reagents and structure and may have interference from environmental condition, however, does not need to be adjusted to the population.

Analysis of young male anthropometric parameters for design of driving and operations in cars / 生物医学工程学杂志

Fitting formulas of typical parameters were obtained through analysis of anthropometric parameters of armored car driver and operators. These formulas could be a basis for design of product and equipment of cars, cumulating and updating of basic data of similar sample and edition of relative standards. 76 anthropometric static parameters and 11 functional parameters were chosen, and 1 243 soldiers with armored forces were chosen to be tested. The correlation and fitting formulas of body height, sitting height and other parameters were measured and obtained. We also contrasted measured data with data from GJB1835-1993. The present analysis showed that the correlation between sizes of body length and body height and sitting height was significant. Sizes of body length and enclose size and width direction were all increased compared to those in the 1980s. The present results were consistent with other researchers' current research results. The measured data could be an important basis for the data of young male anthropometric parameters and edition of relative standards and design of specific equipment.

Prevalencia de actividad física y factores relacionados en la población de 18-60 años - Pereira 2010 / Prevalence of physical activity and related factors population aged 18-60 years - Pereira 2010

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de actividad física y los factores relacionados en la población de 18 a 60 años del Municipio de Pereira. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con una fase correlacional, en 460 personas que aceptaron participar en el estudio y cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Prevalencia estimada de 45,4% IC 95%: (40,5%:49,5%), promedio de edad 35,17 años ± 13,8 años, promedio de peso 68,12 kg ± 8,8 kg. Entre los factores relacionados la actividad física esta la edad, existiendo dependencia entre estas dos variables, c2 = 147,09; p < 0,0001. Al comparar el nivel de actividad física con el tiempo de práctica y aplicar el test de independencia, se observa que entre estas dos variables son dependientes c2 = 18,780; p < 0,001. Conclusiones: El nivel de actividad física encontrado en la investigación evidencia que 5 de cada 10 personas no realizan ninguna actividad física, son mujeres; en cuanto al deporte 6 de cada 10 personas que lo realizan son hombres. La prevalencia estimada evidencia un impacto positivo de las políticas públicas sobre el fomento de la actividad física en el Municipio.

To determine the prevalence of physical activity and related risks factors in the population aged 18 to 60 years in Pereira. Materials and Methods: this is a cross sectional study, at 460 people who agreed to participate in the study, had inclusion criteria. Results: Estimated prevalence 45.4% 95% CI (40.5%: 49.5%), meanage 35.17 years + / - 13.8 years, mean weight 68.12 kg + / - 8.8kg. Factors related with, physical activity was age, (p value <0.0001). Conclusions: we find that 5 of 10 people without physical activity. The estimated prevalence demonstrates a positive impact of public policies on the promotion of physical activity in Pereira.